Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Notes Acids, Bases and Salts

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Notes Acids, Bases and Salts

ACIDS:

• These are the substances which have sour taste.
• They turn blue litmus solution red.
• They give H+ ions in aqueous solution.
• The term ‘acid’ has been derived from the Latin word, acidus, which means sour.

Strong Acids: HCI, H₂SO₄, HNO₃
Weak Acids: CH₃COOH, Oxalic acid, Lactic acid
Concentrated Acid: Having more amount of acid + less amount of water
Dilute Acid: Having more amount of water + less amount of acid

BASES:

• These are the substances which are bitter in taste and soapy in touch.
• They turn red litmus solution blue.
• They give OH- ions in aqueous solution.

Strong Bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂
Weak Bases: NH₄OH
Alkalis: These are bases which are soluble in water [NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂].

SALTS:
These are the compounds formed from reaction of acid and base.
Example: NaCl, KCI.

INDICATORS:
These are the substances which change their colour/smell in different types of substances.

Class 10 science notes

• Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
• Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-metals
• Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds
• Chapter 5 – Periodic Classification of Elements
• Chapter 6 – Life Processes
• Chapter 7 – Control and Coordination
• Chapter 8 – How do Organisms Reproduce?
• Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution
• Chapter 10 – Light Reflection and Refraction
• Chapter 11 – Human Eye and Colourful World
• Chapter 12 – Electricity
• Chapter 13 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• Chapter 14 – Sources of Energy
• Chapter 15 – Our Environment
• Chapter 16 – Management of Natural Resources